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The Facts About Low Blood Pressure

We have all heard the warnings about high blood pressure, but what about the other end of the spectrum, low blood pressure or hypotension? It may seem like low blood pressure reading is good, but are there potential health hazards that come with this seemingly “good” BP reading?

It turns out that there are some potentially hazardous health issues that low BP can present. Understanding the low blood pressure range can help you avoid any potential problems, from fainting to shock.

What is low blood pressure?

The peril of high blood pressure is well documented, but not many people talk about the potential hazards of having a blood pressure drop. What exactly constitutes Hypotension or low BP? When your BP is taken, there are two numbers of importance: systolic and diastolic pressure.

These fancy words mean the BP of your heart at rest (diastolic) and the pressure of your heart when beating (systolic). The low blood pressure range, also known as the hypotension range, is 90 mmHg for systolic pressure and 60 mmHg for diastolic pressure.

What is considered low blood pressure?

A reading less than 90/60mmHg is considered a low BP range. Low blood pressure or hypotension do not cause symptoms necessarily but may require adequate and timely treatment if symptoms surface.

What are the symptoms of low blood pressure?

According to a National Library of Medicine research paper, hypotension is usually asymptomatic. However, if symptoms become apparent, the most common low blood pressure symptoms may include -

• Dizziness or lightheadedness: Feeling unsteady or as if you might faint, especially when you stand up quickly.
• Blurred vision: A sudden dip in blood pressure can lead to visual disturbances, such as seeing stars or experiencing tunnel vision.
• Unusual or excessively tired or weak.

According to the same research paper cited above, certain symptoms associated with hypotension may stem from an underlying condition. These symptoms may include - 

• Nausea or vomiting.
• Rapid or shallow breathing
• In severe cases, difficulties in focusing or concentrating.
• Thirst and dehydration
• Chest pain

The symptoms can be caused by a number of issues, including medication, dehydration, and other potentially serious medical issues. While high blood pressure can present health issues, the effects of hypotension should not be ignored. Extreme hypotension or low blood pressure can lead to shock, which can be life-threatening.

One German study determined that in elderly people with high BP, there was no tangible risk of fatal issues but a higher rate of issues in those with lower blood pressure, especially during pregnancy (including low birth weight and perinatal mortality). Seems counterintuitive, doesn’t it?

How to diagnose and treat low BP?

If you suspect you suffer from hypotension, your doctor may decide on a series of tests to determine if you truly suffer from this disorder or if it is a temporary condition. Some tests that he may order include, but are not limited to:

• Blood Test: This can give you an overall synopsis of your health. It can determine your blood sugar levels, red blood cell count, and other issues that could contribute to hypotension.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): A non-invasive test at your doctor’s office that can determine irregularities in your heart rhythm, structural abnormalities, and potential problems with blood and oxygen supply to the heart.
• Echocardiogram: Also noninvasive, this ultrasound of your heart can provide detailed images of your heart and its functions.
• Stress Test: This particular test can determine if there are any problems while your heart is under workload and stress.

The results of these tests can help determine the course of action taken to treat low blood pressure or hypotension. If your hypotension is caused by medication, a simple change or adjustment in your medication may be all that is required. Other steps that could be taken include lifestyle changes such as increased salt in your diet, drinking more water, compression stockings, or prescription medication.

A low blood pressure range may seem like a godsend, but underlying causes could be detrimental to your health. Before starting any treatment, consult your physician to ensure you take the correct steps.

Are low blood pressure numbers considered dangerous?

According to the AHA (American Heart Association), most doctors consider chronically low BP numbers such as 50/30 a dangerously low BP range if accompanied by additional symptoms. Some of the severe symptoms that may come unexpectedly should be taken seriously.

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